parakeet poop chart. Healthy, cooked grains can compose as much as 50 percent of an Alexandrine parrot's diet. parakeet poop chart

 
Healthy, cooked grains can compose as much as 50 percent of an Alexandrine parrot's dietparakeet poop chart  Stool is made up of digested food, proteins, bacteria, salts, and other substances produced and released by your intestines

Raccoon feces commonly have berries, so if you see them, it's definitely raccoon. Inability to fly. Wait for the bird to poop and repeat a phrase. Squirrel poop has some variation in size, but is usually around 3/8” in length and 1/8” in diameter. The eggs will begin hatching anywhere from seventeen to twenty days after being laid. 2/28/10. Scientific Name: Myiopsitta monachus. Fresh squirrel droppings are reddish or rusty brown to darker brown. For example, if your parakeet is younger or smaller, it may poop more often than the average adult. This tiny bird pooping on you means opportunities, new beginnings, and happiness are headed your way. Abnormal droppings include any of the following: Decrease in the number of droppings. It is named after Alexander the Great, who transported numerous birds from Punjab to various European and. When the poop is black, it means the budgie is not eating, and that’s bile coming out. Bird poop, also known as droppings or feces, is a peculiar concoction of undigested food, waste products, and substances produced by a bird’s digestive system. Pied. the poop can change colour such as natural food colouring alters the poop colour temporary. Be alert to any changes in the bird's eating or drinking habits. The easiest way to identify that a bird is occupying your space is by its telltale white bird poop. A poop so good it comes out with minimal effort and glides out of the bowl down the pipe without need for flushing. They have a granular consistency which indicates the indigestible fragments of the invertebrates exoskeleton. I googled bird poop images and found a picture chart that showed what various normal poops look like compared to poop from birds with various illnesses like kidney disease and liver disease. A yellowish-green color in the urates part may indicate liver disease, or if it’s red, it could be lead poisoning. A companion bird may be exposed to cigarette smoke, fumes from cleansers or (the worst) teflon products. Allow the solution to soak for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing it. You’ll see that the size of the bird greatly affects how often a bird poops. When faeces dry, they harden and appear black. 3. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history. Bird size will determine how often they poop. When evaluating an avian patient with diarrhea, always determine the diet consumed and know the appearance of normal droppings for the species in question. The end. By comparison, human urine tends to sit around the 6. They forage at lower elevations during the winter. 4 ouncesLife. 4. Healthy poops spiral and are solid with a semisolid white urate within the centre of the feces. H. 0 to 7. Cause: illness, moulting or stress. Birds expel waste before they take flight to save energy. Back to the bird poop on your car window, it is probably not going to be owl poop. Rats have long been a problem in Sydney. The Indian ringneck parakeet is an Asiatic subspecies of the rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula krameri ). poop bowel movement. The yellowish, foamy poop seen in chickens with diarrhea is due to the chicken’s poor digestive system. kestrel bird perched. It is oblong in shape with rounded tips and a slightly overstuffed appearance in the center. However, this can differ greatly depending on the bird’s diet and overall activity level. Berries might dye the feces, but that’s okay. It is an Asiatic parrot originally from Ceylon. If your dog eats parakeet poop, the first thing you should do is call your veterinarian. Adult Size: 12 inches from beak to tail, weighing between 4 and 5 ounces. Re: Pancreatitis -- graphic poop pics. Lion ~ Mink ~ Muskrats ~ Opossums ~ Otter ~ Porcupines ~ Raccoon ~ Skunks ~ Weasel ~ Whitetail Deer ~ Moose. Budgerigar. She then broods over the eggs, usually after laying the whole clutch. But Monk Parakeets, native to South America but long popular in the pet trade, established wild populations here in the 1960s. As budgies poop roughly every 15-20 minutes, a bout of diarrhea may come on the heels of an unexpected fright, such as a loud noise or encounter with a predatory pet. Lameness. Removal. 01 of 05 Colors Healthy bird droppings can display an array of colors and still be considered "normal. Now, you can find it in many parts of Asia, notably India and Pakistan. Like other animals, snakes also exert urine. Urine – Clear liquid urine. There is no hurry -- once they’ve matured, females will be able to breed for four years and males for six. They are efficient like that because they have places to fly and bugs to catch. " Your bird likely consumes many various types of fresh fruits and. Use a damp washcloth to go over the spot once again. The average budgie poops 40-50 times per day. Stool is made up of digested food, proteins, bacteria, salts, and other substances produced and released by your intestines. • Liver or kidney disease or diabetes. However, the color. 1-1. I noticed this morning that one of my budgies is pooping white and he's pooping more often than usual. The Bristol Stool Chart—also called the Bristol Stool Scale—s widely used in clinical settings, especially with patients battling irritable bowel syndrome. 5. monitoring your budgie’s poop is an easy and effective way to maintain your bird’s health. Droppings are wet, slimy and greenish. Small birds may poop every 10 minutes or so, and large birds, like chickens, would do it less frequently. The types are as follows: Type 1 : Separate hard lumps, like little pebbles. 5 range on the pH scale. Unlike mountain lion poop, skunk poop is actually quite similar to waste you may find in your cat’s litter box. It’ll soon recover if your budgie only has one bout of watery feces. Dry cereals should be low in sugar -- consider. Pasting of the vent occurs when a large amount of feces becomes caked around the vent opening, clogging the vent and. Brown Poop. Our signature product, the FeatherWear FlightSuit™! Born out of a need to keep our homes and shoulders free from messy bird poop while also allowing our birbs to move freely and live their best birdy lives. Budgie poop doesn’t smell offensive. This shouldn’t come to any surprise because of the close evolutionary relationship between birds and reptiles! Bearded dragon poop normally contains two distinct parts – one that is fairly solid and brown or black colored, and another part, white and paste-like or chalky. It's particularly common in chicken and pigeon coops, old barns, caves. poop shit wc poop. Poop Types 6 or 7. Budgies can poop from a minimum of 40 times to a maximum of 50 times a day, passing droppings for an average of 12 to 15 minutes, including when they are asleep. The BSFS is a diagnostic tool that people can use to classify their stools based on their appearance. Spot clean the habitat daily, removing discarded food and droppings from perches. Type 3: Like a sausage but with cracks on its sausage. They are silly and energetic. Singing, talking, and whistling: These vocalizations are often signs of a happy, healthy, content bird. 5 to 2. 56. Lee. Until then, they will remain in the box unless the female decides to remove them. Be sure to label the container with the date, time and animal that provided the specimen. The body is mainly green, with lighter tones on the cheeks and the belly. Assess the bird’s overall health, using the sick chicken symptoms listed here. S. It is important to clean up bird poop quickly. How to Identify Snake Feces. Understanding the anatomy of a parakeet’s digestive system can shed light on their pooping behavior. The pests' waste may contain bones, hair, scales, and other indigestible materials leftover from meals. That’s why what color cars do birds poop on the most is one of. There are many different types of bird poop, and each one can be identified by its unique color, texture, and smell. Generally, the color of budgie poop should be green or olive green. (Eggs and sperm also depart out of the cloaca, but not in conjunction with the droppings. Large. They are the only parakeets to nest communally; dozens live together year-round in large, multifamily stick. As we all know, the 8th house in a birth chart represents death, secrets, sudden events, mysteries, and sudden gains in life. Step 4. They have a charming and mesmerizing personality. Healthy droppings will be odorless and should have a medium texture, not solid but not too liquid either. Try also: "bird poop" in images "bird poop" in videos "bird poop" in Premium. You can spray the grate with a non-stick cooking spray to help the droppings slip through more easily. The following are the three components of parakeet poop: 1. If you do not provide the bird with something to play with or keep them entertained, then they are more likely to resort to foraging to help give them something to. A healthy bird will have between 18 to 26 droppings per day. As such, well-marbled birds can go for up to $600! 12. If changes in droppings do occur, be on the lookout for other telltale signs of illness such as: Lethargy. Yes, they do. 6. These are pictures of squirrel poop. So, avoid using non-stick cookware, and keep your budgies away from the kitchen, especially when preparing cooked food. They have a granular consistency which indicates the indigestible fragments of the invertebrates exoskeleton. Unlike mountain lion poop, skunk poop is actually quite similar to waste you may find in your cat’s litter box. Constipation. There is fecal matter from the digestive system, generally located in the center of the dropping. Sausage-shaped but lumpy. The various pathogens present in bird poop often carry human diseases. Make sure to keep tabs on its behavior so that you can keep your little friend around for a long time. Macaw, Parrots, Chickens. For others, droppings are seen as a major inconvenience. The chicks may even hatch out by the 24th or 25th day. Symptoms: Weight loss, diarrhea, yellow poop, increased thirst and generally bad condition. jpgPin di animal health & care Pin by mandy lewallen-kenemore on vet assistantPoop fecal scoring tolerance. Important: The items shown here have less common variants not. The Bristol Stool Chart classifies feces into seven types based upon shape and consistency, says Dr. On the other hand, the female excreta is quite different as it tends to swirl into a coil. Bird of species that come from arid regions, such as budgies and zebra finches, will tend to have smaller, drier droppings. The BSFS is a diagnostic tool that people can use to classify their stools based on their appearance. Greenstein. About every 15 minutes. That’s because vomiting is a symptom that accompanies various conditions, ranging from infection to chronic illness. That poop color si usually combined with tarry consistency and mucus. An increase in lethargy . On this end of the scale, you’re likely experiencing diarrhea. One interesting aspect of pig poop is its high pH level: use it to help make acidic soils more neutral (i. Usually, a hen (female lovebird) lays a clutch of 4–6 eggs, in a gap of 1–2 days. I've been observing his poop color throughout the day and a couple of hours ago it had some. Depending on what you feed a budgie, its feces may change color. Rat poop is another pretty characteristic animal poop. If your parakeet is lethargic, and won't respond to you calling or offering food, this is a sign of sickness. If she’s not, then her cere will lean more towards tan or even almost white-ish. The problem usually centers in the glandular stomach (proventriculus) or. The cage needs to be large and spacious enough for your bird to move around freely and have enough space for food bowls and toys. If it’s ready to breed, the cere will really be bright blue, if it’s not then it be a more subtle light blue. Conures produce yellow feces when they are sick. Beaver ~ Black Bears ~ Bobcat and Lynx ~ Rabbits and Hares ~ Coyote ~ Fox ~ Fisher ~ Pine Marten ~ Squirrel ~ Grouse ~ Turkey ~ Mt. Provide separate food dishes for dry food, fresh food and water. The color can change depending on the food you feed your bird. Not eating. Types 1 and 2 occur with constipation; Types 3 and 4 are considered normal; Types 5 to 7 occur with diarrhea; Constipated. How the poop is formed is as important as its color, according to Burkett. 4K HD. Ingesting the fungus by eating bird and bat poop or rotting wood is another method of transmission, although this is theoretical and has not been documented. capsulatum is found all over the world and infects both humans and animals. 3. Descriptions: Kangaroos have small, round, black poos and usually leave several in the same place. 3 or 4 and passes easily without being too watery, says Dr. You wipe and wipe and the tissue is still dirty. The diet of a green-cheeked parakeet should consist of fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as a quality pellet food. Skunk poop frequently contains evidence of their diet. Compared to that of the male poop, the female. Yeast infection. The Bristol Stool Chart displays seven types of stool. Pete Sucheski. The budgie might have other symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing food, diarrhea, a swollen crop, and weight loss. The most common type of bird poop is white, but there are also many other colors, including brown, black, green, and even pink. At this point, they are fully feathered, though their tails and wings may still be short. Possible cause: Lead poisoning, Colibacillosis ( E. Mouse poop varies slightly in size, from 1/16 inch to 1/4 inch long, and typically is dark brown when fresh. A change in diet usually causes watery bird. This fecal float parasite pictures page is a pictorial guide to small-animal parasites (eggs, oocysts and worm larvae) and non-parasite objects and artifacts that might be seen under the microscope when performing a faecal flotation procedure. This signals that your waste has hung around in the intestine long enough to become. This edging of a darker shade of their base color gives the bird a beautiful, pastel-like appearance. Fecal Component. Here are some interpretations of what bird poop might symbolize: 1. The following are the three components of parakeet poop: 1. Typically, both mouse poop and rat poop are tapered at the edges. How to draw a bird with different facial expressions30+ budgies as pets male or female photos Pin on parakeetsBudgie budgies. Akeet feces include stool, urine, and urea. For example, green feces indicates that the bird is suffering from diarrhea. Types 3-5 are ideal. To keep pigeon droppings off of private properties, individuals should use habitat modification and exclusion tools to reduce the possibility of attracting the pests. Urate – The white “yolk” semi-solid part of the poop. Akeet feces include stool, urine, and urea. To classify normal poop texture, health professionals use a widely accepted indicator known as the Bristol Stool Scale. But what is this stuff anyway? Why does it look so un. 2–3 times a day. It shouldn't ever happen, but it does. Overindulgence. Many people describe it as the shape of a small bean. It's great fun finding owl pellets, but do you know who made them? Discover how to find them and the key identification features to look for. more than a few hours, the bird is not eating, and that often means a serious problem. If you notice a rapid change in color, texture, or order. I got scared and took her to the emergency vet but by the time we were seen, she was pooping green. Besides the yellow poop, salmonellosis can cause other symptoms, such as the following: Weight loss. "Oh no, the sofa has been ruined!A healthy parakeet poop is made up of three parts which includes the faeces that is in the middle of the poop and appearing in different colours depending on what you feed your bird. Dehydrated skin will remain tented for several seconds, rather than bouncing right back. The Bristol Stool Chart is a human-poop evaluation guide developed at the British Royal Infirmary in 1997. <p>It may come as a surprise to see noisy, green-and-gray parrots racing through cities in the U. If you notice a strong smell of excrement from the cage, your bird may have a bad stomach or digestive problem. Rabbit and hare droppings ©Darren Tansley. Additionally, parakeets living in extremely warm climates might need to. This translates to 2-3 pooping sessions every hour. Source: animalrescueadelaidemo4. Add to Favorites Birds Poop Every 15 Minutes Funny T-Shirt $ 18. Raccoon scat has blunt ends and is uniform in thickness (1 inch in diameter). The urine is the clear watery component. They can be considered a fledgling at the 13-14 day mark. The pellet is. Parrot Diarrhea: One drop, two drops, three drops. A laying operation houses 100,000 hens with an average weight of 4. Most changes in your parakeets normal behavior will be down to hormonal shifts during the mating season (as described above). About 100 to 250 grams (3 to 8 ounces) of feces are excreted by a human adult daily. This chart provides a visual representation of the size, shape, and color of your dragon’s droppings, and can be used to identify potential health issues. Pay attention to changes in behavior. The highlighted personality trait of a Lineolated Parakeet is his nature to cuddle. Scat from owls and other large birds leaves a large white splatter, or splay. Too much bone can also contribute to very dry poop, so keep an eye on how much is going in their food or treats! Try adding a teaspoon of coconut oil to their meals to help smooth things along. One of the disadvantage of keeping a pet parakeet or parrot is that it can be hard to take care of them sometimes. The bleach solution should be 1. Striped skunk droppings are ½ inch in diameter, usually 2 to 4 inches long, and will have blunt ends. You need to keep an eye on your parakeet's poops to make sure everything is going well. Like the hookworm, the whipworm sucks the host's blood for sustenance. 7” (70 mm) long. suncoast said: Truely's poo looks like this sometimes, but there is not a lot of volume. A mostly seed, fruit, or vegetable diet will lead to dark green feces. Urate – The white “yolk” semi-solid part of the poop. When this occurs. No poop or constipation. The vomit usually has a sour or nasty smell to it. Small birds poop more often than adult. In some cultures, such as the Russians, Turks, and Hindus,. Parakeet green poop is a common occurrence in bird cages. The advantage of not having a well-controlled sphincter for a bird means that you don’t have to decide to poop while in flight, which keeps you light — a big advantage for flight efficiency. This will not cause every parakeet to have loose poop, but it could be a cause for some. Extreme danger if the egg breaks and floods the abdomen with fluid leading to sepsis (infection + shock) and poor outcome. Usually clear or. The Bristol Stool Chart classifies human feces into 7 categories based on shape and consistency. November 7, 2022 by Jordan Seals. 2/ Respiratory Infection. Sun conures are not sexually dimorphic; however, females are said to have slightly shorter tail feathers as well as rounder, slightly smaller heads. The Bristol Stool Chart numbers stools from 1 to 7, from hardest to loosest. Type 1: Separate, hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass) Type 2: Sausage shaped, but lumpy. Healthy bird droppings can come in a variety of colors. In the meantime, place the bird in an empty cage with soft bedding in it to prevent injury. Guano (Spanish from Quechua: wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats. That means your poop will look sausage-like with some cracks in it or like a smooth snake. You may notice a lot of droppings in a concentrated area when you wake your bird up in the morning because it defecates during the night. Monitor your birds poop on a daily basis to keep an eye on your birds health. Fill your sink with hot water and a few drops of dish soap. Bird poop is one of the clearest signs of a bird problem on your property. Bear poop is 5 to 12-inches long and 1. This will help to absorb any mess and make cleaning up much easier. Variety is important here, too. Royalty-free images. Children with IBS-type diarrhoea experience. On average, birds can poop 40-50 times a day. The Bristol Stool Chart: What should poop look like? This stool chart was developed to help doctors to talk about the shape and type of poop, or stools. For help choosing the right product for your bird problem call us at 800-392-6915 or email [email protected] poop: It’s the bane of cars, statues, awnings and occasional hapless pedestrians across the world. 100’S OF BIRD CONTROL PRODUCTS AVAILABLE: Bird Spikes: Physical bird deterrent. Your bird depends on you to maintain its good health. Common Names: Quaker parrot, Quaker parakeet, monk parrot, monk parakeet, green parakeet, gray-breasted parakeet, Montevideo parakeet. Well, now that you have a whole parakeet family and understand the parakeet life cycle, go get them some new toys to play with and start spending more time with them. capsulatum is found all over the world and infects both humans and animals. Diarrhea is a condition in which feces or droppings are more frequently passing and contain more liquid than normal. That would be Type 3 or Type 4 on the chart, says Dr. 1. Types 5, 6, and 7 tend toward diarrhea. “And if you even think that you see blood in your dog’s poop, it’s time to talk to your vet. They have a charming and mesmerizing personality. Animal Scat Notes. Skunk droppings might look like those of domestic cats and will contain all types of food, from insect skeletons, to hair or seeds. It could, however, also indicate a health problem, so make sure to study your bird carefully. Your stool should soon return to its normal color. Try making bird poop on your own and learn more about the science behind it by following the activity sheet available here!: Scat & Droppings Identification Key. Pharmaceutical Terms Commonly Used. There are 3 parts to a bird's dropping: 1. However, there exist various color mutations of linnies in captivity. Fortunately Dr. Lift away the droppings: Use a dull-edged knife or a credit card to lift away the solids. Other possibilities exist and best diagnosed by avian vet. The pasty texture and white color of bird droppings help to identify them. Feces that are unusually large and coarse-textured, mushy or watery may also be signs of an abnormal poop, as well as feces that contain undigested food. Try upping your water intake to two litres a day or drinking a ginger tea before bed. The accumulation of bird poop can cause structural damage due to the high concentration of acids in their excrement. Sudden changes in the colour or consistency of green poop can indicate illness. Type 2: lumpy, sausage-shaped stool. A healthy bird will have between 18 to 26 droppings per day. SKUNK POOP/DROPPINGS. By Dot Schwarz | 11 August 2022 Dot Schwarz explains what studying your bird’s poop can tell you. Summary. Type 3: sausage-shaped stool with cracks on the surface. It’ll soon recover if your budgie only has one bout of watery feces. Friday Bird Droppings: Happy retirement to the best one-season Oriole in history Nelson Cruz, who announced his retirement yesterday, was a 40-homer sensation for the division-winning 2014 Orioles. Do not smear or rub a wet poop stain. The incubation period is between 21–23 days, after which the chicks are hatched. Some birds love an audience and sing, talk, and whistle the most when others are around. Feces are the solid waste, urates are the white or chalky. No Urates In Bird Poop. The ghost poop. This is a fungal infection that can cause watery diarrhea in parakeets. The nest of the Peruvian booby is made of almost pure guano. 😀. Change in color or texture of either the fecal component or the urate component. Use the pick to gently break open the owl pellet and use the tweezer to carefully pick up the bones you see. Physical Characteristics: Black and white throat bars, orange cheek patches, and red-orange beak (male zebra finch); gray coloration throughout the. The first signs of lethargy might be when he shows a lack of interest in the things that usually stimulate him – you, new food, his mate, etc. Bird droppings Catsup or Mustard Coffee Cola Egg (raw) Grape Juice Milk Tea Combine 1/4 cup dishwashing liquid per 1 gallon water. This may vary by a day or two, but not much more. Treatment: Antibiotics are effective. My pet budgie eats his poop. Pain scale canine veterinary medical center, veterinary careCanine fecal score What’s in the poop? (part i)24 best pets images. It is very rare for a cockatiel to suffer from constipation, but it does occur. It has been widely introduced and now lives in most of the world in the wild. The second column is a written description of the appearance of the stool, and. When snakes excrete waste, it is actually a mixture of feces and urine that looks white and is more of a liquid than a solid, much like bird droppings. e. When the poop is black, it means the budgie is not eating, and that’s bile coming out. Droppings or scats can tell us a lot about which animals have been visiting our gardens, parks and countryside, including hedgehogs, foxes and badgers. This signals that your waste has hung around in the intestine long enough to become. If it’s runny or offensive, your bird might be ill. Pigeon or Dove. Because the odds of getting pooped by a bird is much lower than winning a lottery. Not all pellets are created equally. Bubbles or air pockets in the droppings are signs of gas or infection. The Budgerigar, or budgie, is a classic pet store parakeet. Cockatiel poops are made up of 3 parts: Feces – The main part of the dropping, also the most solid. com Budgie Poop Color Changing. The white parts indicate that this is bird poo-they excrete ureic acid (not water soluble) instead of urea (water soluble). Now, you must get your Parakeet out of the water. Poop from brown and grizzly bears is generally wider than the poop of black bears (2+ inches in diameter). Parakeet Poop Colour Chart. Young and juvenile cockatiels may produce more droppings than this. Upon completion of the trial, the Bristol Stool Chart was born as a. Until then, they will remain in the box unless the female decides to remove them. 0 lb per bird using a high-rise, deep-pit type manure storage. Parakeets are physically able to breed at around 6 months old, but they should not be allowed to do so before at least 10 months old. If your poop color is light (either pale, white, grey, or clay-colored), there could be a lack of bile in the stool. Feces are normally removed from the body one or two times a day. They probably aren’t great flyers at this point, but it can walk, hop, and flutter around no problem. Abnormal droppings In any of these cases, call your vet right away: Red or black blood in the droppings. Molting has a lot of side effects so you should be on the lookout to make sure that your parakeet will be safe. The color of the feces depends on what type of illness the bird i s suffering from. An appropriate dose of prescribed antibiotics can save the bird’s life. Blood in dark green stool. Also refer to “Pooplogy “ for description of healthy and abnormal droppings and their potential health concerns. Brotogeris parakeets live in South and Central America. The oval pellets are 1 to 1 1/4. The feces of male turkeys are J-shaped, and also. Origin and History. Bird lovers will have a sense of humor and laugh at the green and brown polka dot they find on the back of their shirt when they arrive at work in the morning. Location may help you determine if you are looking at snake or bird droppings since snakes have access to many low, closed spaces a bird could not reach. Identification of feces, or scat, can be a difficult task as feces change according to the animal’s diet. Tiny and Round Scat: Rabbits and Hares. The green/brown part (the fe-ces). Pill Shaped Scat: Deer. Aspergillosis – Abnormal feces or diarrhea, excessive urination. On average, birds can poop 40-50 times a day. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. Don;t forget, if you are at all worried. A failure to eat food or drink water is a very concerning sign, and the bird should be seen by a veterinarian immediately. This chart helps us break down the seven main types of poop and what they mean exactly. poop emoji icon design. They probably aren’t great flyers at this point, but it can walk, hop, and flutter around no problem. They have a granular consistency which indicates the indigestible fragments of the invertebrates exoskeleton. Poop chart | Rescue | United States | For The Birds Parrot Rescue & Sanctuary Abnormal droppings In any of these cases, call your vet right away: Red or black blood in the droppings. Squirrel poop has some variation in size, but is usually around 3/8” in length and 1/8” in diameter. Skunk droppings might look like those of domestic cats and will contain all types of food, from insect skeletons, to hair or seeds. 4/ Stress and Anxiety.